It is stated that of olden times and by gone there dwelt in the land of Syria two men which were brothers and whereof one was wealthy and the other was needy. Now the rich man had a lovesome daughter and a lovely, whilst the poor man had a son who gave his heart to his cousin as soon as his age had reached his tenth year. But at that time his father the pauper died and he was left an orphan without anything of the goods of this world; the damsel his cousin, however, loved him with exceeding love and ever and soon would send him a something of dirhams and this continued till both of them attained their fourteenth years. Then the youth was minded to marry the daughter of his uncle, so he sent a party of friends to her home by way of urging his claim that the father might wed her to him, but the man rejected them and they returned disappointed. However, when it was the second day a body of warm men and wealthy came to ask for the maid in marriage, and they conditioned the needful conditions and stood agreed upon the nuptials. Presently, the tidings reached the damsel who took patience till the noon o' night, when she arose and sought the son of her uncle, bringing with her a sum of two thousand dinars which she had taken of her father's good and she knocked softly at the door. Hereupon the youth started from sleep and went forth and found his cousin who was leading a she mule and an ass, so the twain bestrode either beast and travelled through the remnant of the night until the morning morrowed.

Then they alighted to drink and to hide themselves in fear of being seen until the second night fell when they mounted and rode for two successive days, at the end of which they entered a town seated on the shore of the sea. Here they found a ship equipped for voyage, so they repaired to the Ra'is and hired for themselves a sitting place; after which the cousin went forth to sell the ass and the she mule, and disappeared for a short time. Meanwhile the ship had sailed with the daughter of his uncle and had left the youth upon the strand and did not stop sailing day after day for the space of ten days, and lastly made the port she purposed and there cast anchor. Thus it befell them; but as regards the youth, when he had sold the beasts he returned to the ship and found her not, and when he asked tidings of it they told him that she had put to sea; and hearing this he was mazed as to his mind and sore amated as to his affair, nor know he where he should go. So he turned him inland sore dismayed. Now when the vessel anchored in that port the damsel to the

History of the Lovers Of said,Syria. 15 captain, "O Ra'is, hie you ashore and bring for us a portion of flesh and fresh bread," and he said, "I hear and I obey," whereupon he betook himself to the town. But as soon as he was far from the vessel she arose and donning male's dress said to the sailors, "Do you weigh anchor and set sail," and she shouted at them with the shouting of seamen. Accordingly they did as she bade them and the wind being fair and the weather favourable, before an hour had sped they passed beyond sight of land. Presently, the captain returned bringing bread and meat but he found not a ship, so he asked tidings of her and they answered, "truly she is gone." Hereupon he was perplext and he fell to striking hand upon hand and crying out, "O my good and the good of folk!" And he repented whenas repentance availed him nothing. Accordingly, he returned to the town unknowing where he should go and he walked about like one blind and deaf for the loss of his craft. But as regards the vessel, she did not stop sailing with those within till she cast anchor near a city in which was a King; and no sooner was she made fast than the damsel arose and donning her most sumptuous dress and decorations fell to scattering money amongst the crew and saying to them, "Hearten your hearts and be not afraid on any wise!"

In due time the news of a fresh arrival reached the Ruler, and he ordered his men to bring him tidings concerning that vessel, and when they went for her and boarded her they found that her captain was a damsel of virginal semblance exceeding in beauty and loveliness. So they returned and reported this to the King who despatched messengers bidding her lodge with him for they had heightened their praises of her and the excess of her comeliness, and he said in his mind, "By God, If she prove as they describe her, needs must I marry her." But the damsel sent back saying, "I am a clean maid, nor may I land alone but do you send to me forty girls, virgins like myself, when I will disembark together with them."

Then her sister Dunyazad said, "How sweet is your story, O sister mine, and how enjoyable and delectable!" She said, "And where is this compared with what I would relate to you on the coming night if the King permits me to survive?"

Now when it was the next night and that was

The Five Hundred and Third Night

Dunyazad said to her, "In God's name, O my sister, If you be other than sleepy, finish for us your tale that we may cut short the watching of this our latter night!" She replied, "With love and good will!" It has reached me, the director, the right guiding, lord of the counsel which is benefiting and of deeds fair seeming and worthy celebrating, that the damsel demanded of the King forty clean maids and said, "We will land, I and they together," whereto he replied, "The right is with her." Hereupon he ordered all those about him, the Lords of his land and the Commons, that each and every who had in the house a virginal daughter, should bring her to him until the full tale of forty (the daughter of the Wazir being amongst them) was told and he sent them on board the ship where the damsel was about sitting down to supper. But as soon as the maidens came she met them in her finest attire, none of the number being more beauteous than herself, and she salam'd to them and invited them into the cuddy where she bade food be served to them and they ate and were cheered and solaced, after which they sat down to converse till it was the middle of the night. Now when sleep prevailed over the girls they retired to their several berths, and when they were drowned in slumber, the damsel arose softly and arousing the crew bade them leave their moorings and shake out their canvas; nor did daylight dawn to them before they had covered a far distance. As soon as the maidens awoke they saw themselves on board a ship amid the billows of the main, and as they asked the Captainess she answered, "Fear not for yourselves or for the voyage you are making;" and she gentled them and solaced them

History of the Lovers Of Syria. 17 until whatever was in their hearts was allayed. However, touching the affair of the King, when morrowed the morn he sent to the ship with an order for the damsel to land with the forty virgins, but they found not the craft and they returned and reported the same to their lord, who cried, "By God, this be the discreetest of deeds which none other save she could have done."

So he arose without delay and taking with him the Wazir (both being in disguise), he went down to the shore and looked around but he could not find what had become of them. And as regards the vessel carrying the virgins she did not stop sailing until she made port beside a ruined city in which was none inhabitant, and here the crew cast anchor and furled their sails when behold, a gang of forty pirate men, ever ready to cut the highway and their friends to betray, boarded them, crying in high glee, "Let us slay all in her and carry off whatever we find."

When they appeared before the damsel they would have effected their intent; but she welcomed them and said, "Do you return ashore: we be forty maids and you forty men and to each of you shall befall one and I will belong to your Shaykh, for that I am the Captainess."

Now when they heard this they rejoiced with excessive joy and they said, "Walláhi, our night shall be a blessed one by virtue of your coming to us;" whereto she asked, "Have you with you anything of sheep?" They answered, "We have," and she said, "Do you slay of them somewhat for supper and fetch the meat that we may cook it for you."

So a troop of pirates went off and brought back ten lambs which they slaughtered and flayed and brittled. Then the damsel and those with her tucked up their sleeves and hung up their chauldrons and cooked the meat after delicatest fashion, and when it was thoroughly done and prepared, they spread the trays and the pirates came forward one and all, and ate and washed their hands and they were in high spirits each and every, saying, "This night I will take to me a girl." Lastly she brought to them coffee which they drank, but hardly had it settled in their maws when the Forty Thieves fell to the ground, for she had mixed up with it flying Bhang and those who had drunk of it became like unto dead men. Hereupon the damsel arose without loss of time and taking in her hand a sharp grided sword fell to cutting off their heads and casting them into the sea until she came to the Shaykh of the Pirates and in his case she was satisfied with shaving his beard and tearing out his eye-teeth and bidding the crew cast him ashore. They did as she commanded, after which she conveyed the property of all the caitiffs and having distributed the booty amongst the sailors, bade them weigh anchor and shake out their canvas. in this way they left that ruined city until they had made the middle of the main and they fared for a number of days athwart the billowy deep nor could they hit upon their course amongst the courses of the sea until Destiny cast them beside a city. They made fast to the anchorage ground, and the damsel arose and donning Mameluke's dress and arraying the Forty Virgins in the same attire all walked together and paced about the shore and they were like garden blooms. When they entered the streets they found all the folk a sorrowing, so they asked one of them and he answered, "The Sultan who over reigns this city is dead and the reign lacks rule."

Now in that stead and under the hand of the Wazir, was a Bird which they let loose at certain times, and whenever he skimmed round and perched upon the head of any man to him they would give the Sultanate. By the decree of the Decreer they cast the fowl high in air at the very hour when the damsel was landing and he hovered above her and settled upon her head (she being in slave's attire), and the city folk and the lords of the land cried out, "Strange! Passing strange!"

So they flushed the bird from the place where he had alighted and on the next day they freed him again at a time when the damsel had left the ship, and once more he came and settled upon her head. They drove him away, crying," Oh rare! Oh rare!" But as often as they started him from off her head he returned to it and alighted there again. "Marvellous!" cried the Wazir, "but Allah Almighty

History of the Lovers Of Syria. 19 has done this and none shall object to what He does nor shall any reject what He decres." Accordingly, they gave her the Sultanate together with the signet ring of governance and the turband of commandment and they seated her upon the throne of the reign. Hereupon she fell to ordering the Forty Virgins who were still habited as Mamelukes and they served the Sultan for a while of time, till one day of the days when the Wazir came to the presence and said, ", I have a daughter, a model of beauty and loveliness, and I am desirous of wedding her with the Sovran because one such as you should not remain in single blessedness."

Then her sister Dunyazad said, "How sweet and tasteful is your tale, O sister mine, and how enjoyable and delectable!" She said, "And where is this compared with what I would relate to you on the coming night if the Sovran permits me to survive?"

Now when it was the next night and that was

The Five Hundred and Fifth Night

Dunyazad said to her, "In God's name, O my sister, If you be other than sleepy, finish for us your tale that we may cut short the watching of this our latter night!" She replied, "With love and good will!" It has reached me, the director, the right guiding, lord of the counsel which is benefiting and of deeds fair seeming and worthy celebrating, that the Wazir to the Sultan said, "I have a daughter, a model of beauty and loveliness, and I am desirous of wedding her with the Sultan, because one such as you should not remain in single blessedness." "Do whatever you wish," the King said, "and Allah prosper your doing." Hereupon the Wazir fell to preparing the marriage portion of his daughter, and of forwarding her affair with the Sultan, until her wedding appointments and other matters were completed. After this he caused the marriage tie be tied, and he brought her to the supposed Sultan where she lay for the first night, but the damsel having performed the Wuzú ablution did nothing but pray through the hours of darkness. When dawned the day the Wazir's wife which was the mother of the maiden came to look upon her daughter and he asked of her case, and the bride answered, "All the livelong night has he passed in orisons, nor came he near me even once." the mother said, "O my daughter, this be the first night, and assuredly he was ashamed, for he is young in years, and he knows not what to do; Perhaps also his heart hangs not upon you; and he is but a raw lad. However, on the coming night you shall both enjoy your desire." But as soon as it was the evening of the next day the Sultan went in to his Harim and made the minor ablution, and abode in prayer through the night until the morrow morrowed, when again the mother came to see how matters stood, and she he asked daughter, who answered, "All the dark hours he has passed in devotion, and he never approached me."

Now on the third night it happened after like fashion, so the mother said, "O my daughter, whenever you will see your husband sitting by your side, do you throw yourself upon his bosom." The bride did as she was bidden, and casting herself upon his breast cried, ", Perhaps I please you not at all;" at which said the other, "O light of my eyes, you are a joy to me for ever; but I am about to confide to you somewhat and say me can you keep a secret?" she said, "Who is there like me for hiding things in my heart?" and the other said, "I am a clean maid, and my like is your like, but the reason for my being in man's habit is that the son of my uncle, who is my betrothed, has been lost from me and I have been lost from him, but when Allah shall decree the reunion of our lots he shall marry you first and he shall not pay the bridegroom's visit save unto you, and after that to myself." The Wazir's daughter accepted the excuse, and then arising went forth and brought a pigeon whose weazand she split and whose blood she daubed upon the snow white sheet. And when it was morning and her mother

History of the Lovers Of Syria. 21 again visited her, the bride showed her this proof of her pucelage, and she rejoiced at that and her father rejoiced also. After this the Sultan ruled for a while of time, but she was ever in deep thought concerning what device could be devised in order to obtain tidings of her father and her cousin and what had wrought with them the changes of times and tides. So she bade edify a magnificent Hammám and by its side a coffee house, both nearhand to the palace, and immediately she summoned architects and masons and plasterers and painters, and when all came between her hands she said to them, "Do you take a long look at my semblance and mark well my features for I desire that you make me a carven image which shall resemble me in all points, and that you fashion it according to my form and figure, and you adorn it aright and render it to represent my very self in all proportions, and then bring it to me." They obeyed her order and brought her a statue which was herself to a nail, so she looked upon it and was pleased therewith.

Then she ordered them set the image over the Hammam door, so they placed it there, and after she issued a firman and caused it to be cried through the city that whoever should enter that Bath to bathe and drink coffee, should do so free and gratis and for nothing. When this was done the tongues of the folk were loosed with benison, and they fell to praying for the Sultan and the endurance of his glory, and the permanence of his governance till such time as the bruit was spread abroad by the caravans and travellers, and the folk of all regions had heard of the Hammam and the coffee house. Meanwhile the Sultan had summoned two eunuchs and ordered them and repeatedly enjoined them that whoever might approach the statue and consider it straitly him should they seize and bring before the presence. Accordingly, the slaves fared forth and took their seats before the doors of the Baths. After a while of time the father of the damsel who had become Sultan wandered forth to seek her, and arrived at that city, where he heard that whoever entered the Hammam to bathe and afterwards drank coffee did this without cost; so he said in his mind, "Let me go there and enjoy myself."

Then he repaired to the building and designed to enter, when behold, he looked at the statue over the gateway, and he stood still and considered it with the tears flowing adown his cheeks, and he cried, "Indeed this figure be like her!" But when the eunuchs saw him they seized him and carried him away until they had led him to the Sultan his daughter, who, seeing him, recognised him directly, and bade set apart for him an apartment and appointed to him rations for the time being. The next that appeared was the son of her uncle, who also had wandered as far as that city seeking his cousin, and he also having heard the folk speaking anent a free entrance to the Baths, said in himself, "Do you get you like others to that Hammam and solace yourself." But when he arrived there he also cast a look at that image and stood before it and wept for an hour or so as he devoured it with his eyes, when the eunuchry beholding him seized and carried him off to the Sultan, who knew him at first sight. So she bade prepare a place for him and appointed to him rations for the time being.

Then also came the Ra'is of the ship, who had reached that city seeking his lost vessel, and when the fame of the free Hammam came to his ears, he said in his mind, "Go you to the Baths and solace yourself." And when he arrived there and looked upon the statue and fixed his glance upon it he cried out, "Walláhi! 'tis her very self." Hereupon the eunuchry seized him and carried him to the Sultan who seeing him recognised him and placed him in a place apart for a while of time. soon the King and the Wazir, who were responsible for the Forty Virgins came to that city Then her sister Dunyazad said, "How sweet is your story, O sister mine, and how enjoyable and delectable!" She said, "And where is this compared with what I would relate to you on the coming night if the King permits me to survive?"

Now when it was the next night and that was

History of the Lovers Of Syria. 23

The Five Hundred and Seventh Night

Dunyazad said to her, "In God's name, O my sister, If you be other than sleepy, finish for us your tale that we may cut short the watching of this our latter night!" She replied, "With love and good will!" It has reached me, the director, the right guiding, lord of the counsel which is benefiting and of deeds fair seeming and worthy celebrating, that the King accompanied by the Wazir came to that city seeking the lost Forty Virgins and when the twain had settled there and were stablisht at ease their souls longed for the Baths and they said each to other, "Hie we to the Hammam that we may wash away the dirt which be the result of travel."

So they repaired to the place and as they entered the gateway they looked up and fixed their eyes upon the statue; and, as they continued to gaze thereupon, the eunuchs who sighted them seized them and carried them off to the Sultan. When they stood between her hands and they beheld the Forty Mamelukes who were also before her, the Wazir's glance happened to fall upon his daughter who was on similar wise in slave's habit, and he looked at her with the tears flowing adown his cheeks and he said in his mind, "Walláhi! Truly this Mameluke is like my child as like can be." Hereupon the Sultan considered the twain and asked them of their case and they answered, "We be Such and such and we are wandering about to seek our daughter and her nine and thirty maidens." Hereupon she assigned to them also lodgings and rations for the present. Lastly appeared the Pirate which had been Shaykh and comrade of the Forty Thieves also seeking that city, and albeit he was weary and perplext yet he did not stop to wander that he might come upon the damsel who had slain his associates and who had shaved his beard and had torn out his eye teeth. He also when he heard of the Hammam without charge and the free coffee house said in himself, "Hie you to that place!" And as he was entering the gateway he beheld the image and stood still and fell to speaking fulsome speech and crying aloud and saying, "By God, this statue is like to her in stature and size and, by the

Almighty, if I can only lay my hand upon her and seize her I will slaughter her even as one cutts a mutton's throat. Ah! Ah! If I could but catch hold of her." As he spoke these words the eunuchry heard him; so they seized him and dragged him along and carried him before the Sultan who no sooner saw him and knew him than she ordered him to jail. And they imprisoned him for he had not come to that city save for the shortening of his days and the lavishing of his life blood and he knew not what was predestined to him and in very truth he deserved all that befell him. Hereupon the damsel bade bring before her, her father and her cousin and the Ra'is and the King and the Wazir and the Pirate (while she still bore herself as one who administered the Sultanate), and when it became night time all began to converse one with other and presently she said to them, "O folk, let each and every who has a tale solace us with telling it." at this one and all of them said, "We wist not a recital nor can we recount one;" and she rejoined, "I will relate unto you an adventure." They cried, ", pardon us! For how will you rehearse us an history and we sit listening thereto?" and she replied, "since you have no say to say, I will speak in your stead that we may shorten this our night."

Then she continued, "There was a merchant man and a wealthy with a brother which was needy, and the richard had a daughter while the pauper had a son. But when the poor man died he left only the boy who sought to marry the girl his cousin: his paternal uncle, however, refused him maugre that she loved him and she was beloved of him. Presently, there came a party of substantial merchants who demanded her in wedlock and obtained her and agreed upon the conditions; when her sire was minded to marry her to their man. This was hard upon the damsel and sore grievous to her so she said, 'By God, I will mate with none save with my uncle's son.' Then she came to him at midnight leading a she mule and an ass and bringing something of her father's moneys and she knocked at the youth's door and he came out to her and both went forth, he and she, in the outer darkness of that murky night and the Veiler veiled her way."

Now when the father and the cousin heard this adventure they threw themselves on her neck, and rejoiced in her until the turn came for her recounting

History of the Lovers Of Syria. 25 the tale of the merchant captain and he also approved her and was solaced by her words. Then, as she related the history concerning the King and the Wazir, they said, "By God, this indeed is a sweet story and full of light and leading and our lord the Sultan deserves for this recital whatever he may require." But when she came to the Pirate he cried, "Walláhi, O our lord the Sultan, this adventure is a grievous, and in God's name, tell us some other tale;" at which all the hearers rejoined, "By God, in very truth the recital is a pleasing." She continued to acquaint them with the adventure of the Bird which invested her with the monarchy and she ended with relating the matter of the Hammam, at all whereof the audience wondered and said, "By God, this is a delectable matter and a dainty;" but the Pirate cried aloud, "Such story pleases me not in any way for 'tis heavy upon my heart!"

Then her sister Dunyazad said, "How sweet and tasteful is your tale, O sister mine, and how enjoyable and delectable!" She said, "And where is this compared with what I would relate to you on the coming night if the Sovran permits me to survive?"

Now when it was the next night and that was

The Five Hundred and Ninth Night

Dunyazad said to her, "In God's name, O my sister, If you be other than sleepy, finish for us your tale that we may cut short the watching of this our latter night!" She replied, "With love and good will!" It has reached me, the director, the right guiding, lord of the counsel which is benefiting and of deeds fair seeming and worthy celebrating, that the Pirate cried out, "This tale is heavy upon my heart!"

Presently, the damsel resumed her speech and said, "Walláhi! If my mother and my father say truth this be my sire and that be my cousin and here stands the King and there the Wazir and that are the Ra'is and the Pirate, the comrade of the Forty Thieves whose only will and wish was to dishonour us maidens all."

Then she resumed, addressing the King and his Minister, "These forty Mamelukes whom you see standing between your hands are the virgin girls belonging to you."

After which she presented the twain with sumptuous gifts and they took their maidens and with them went their ways. Next she restored to the Ra'is his ship and freighted it with her good and he set forth in it on his return voyage. But as regards the Pirate she commanded her attendants to kindle for him a furious fire and they lit it till it roared and the sparks flew high in air, after which they pinioned him and cast him into the flames, where his flesh was melted before his bones. But as concerned her cousin she caused the marriage tie to be tied between him and the Wazir's daughter and he paid her his first visit on that same night and then she ordered her father to knit the wedding knot with the youth on the next night and when this was done immediately he went in unto her. After this she committed to him the Sultanate and he became a Sovran and Sultan in her stead, and she bade fetch her mother to that city where her cousin governed and where her father in law the Wazir was chief Councillor of the realm. in this way it endured for the length of their lives, and fair to them were the term and the tide and the age and the time, and they led of lives the joyfullest and a livelihood of the perfectest until they were consumed by the world and died out generation of the generation.